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Hopes&RealitiesTimemagazineFriday,Jan.24,1964Thedreamofindependencehasmanynames.InTogoitisablodé,inRwandaubwigenge,inSwahili-speakingEastAfricauhuru.Butbyanynamethedreamoftenbecomesahorriblenightmareintheexecution.Ofthe32AfricannationsthathaveachievedindependencesincetheendofWorldWarII(25in1960-63alone),morethanhalfhavebeenrackedbyseverepoliticalandeconomicconvulsions,rangingfromthebloodycivilwarsoftheCongotovirtualbankruptcyinGuineatotheassassinationofaPresidentinTogo.UndermoderateleaderslikeNigeria'sSirAbubakarTafawaBalewaandTanganyika'sJuliusNyerere,independencehasbroughtstability.UnderRed-hotredeemerslikeGhana'sKwameNkrumah,ithassometimesbroughtpoliticalrepressionandfinancialruin.Lastweektheworld'sheadlinesonceagainwerefilledwithcoupsandchaos,borderclashesandbroaderquestions.BandsofmurderousSomalishiftasprowledthewastelandsofEthiopiaandKenya,snipingattrucksandburningpoliceoutposts.TheEthiopiansretaliatedbysendingthreefighterplanestostrafeSomaliborderposts.Beforethelatestborderincidentwasover,58haddiedonbothsides,andSomaliawasnoclosertoachievingitsaimofannexingitsneighbors'grazingland.Tothesouth,inRwanda,tribaltensionsthathadbeenbuildingfordecadeseruptedintomurder.InGhana,wherehewasentertainingRedChina'sChouEnlai,KwameNkrumahworkedrelentlesslytowardhisgoalofachievingaone-partydictatorship.IntheCongo,theoldbogyofsecessiononceagainthreatened.Andonthe34thdayofindependencefortheclove-scentedislandofZanzibar,revoltspilledhopesandbloodintotheazureIndianOcean.

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</mwdata><mwxhtml><wx:metadata><title/><generator type="gdmmeta">gsmcreator</generator><indexed>yes</indexed><incalendar/><abstract>  This article describes how African dreams of independence became a horrible nightmare in the execution.  </abstract><lang>eng</lang><thumbnail src=""/><authors/><publicationdate year="1964" month="01" day="24"/><categories><category>Magazines</category></categories><entity/><includeforum value=""/><protected/></wx:metadata><ga:gdm><ga:metadata><identifier/><title>Hope and Realities</title><typeofmedia>Magazines</typeofmedia><date>24 January 1964</date><description>This article describes how African dreams of independence became a horrible nightmare in execution. </description><topic>Independence and Governance (1959-1990)</topic><creator>Times Magazines</creator><language code="eng"/><owner>Paul Rukesha</owner><location>Genocide Archive of Rwanda</location><antprofile>
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      <ga:tpm t="289.74" b="299.76" l="120.95" r="154.36">burning</ga:tpm>
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  </ga:pages><document filename="/var/wwwimages/1/19/1964-01-24TimeMagazineHopesRealities.pdf" pageCount="1" filesize="11531" linearized="true" pdfVersion="1.6" tagged="true"/></ga:gdm></mwxhtml></skin>

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Title: Hope and Realities
Description: This article describes how African dreams of independence became a horrible nightmare in execution.
Date of publication: 24 January 1964
Author: Times Magazines
Type of media: Magazines
Language: eng
Repository: Genocide Archive of Rwanda

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Title: Hope and Realities
Description: This article describes how African dreams of independence became a horrible nightmare in execution.
Date of publication: 24 January 1964
Author: Times Magazines
Type of media: Magazines
Language: eng
Repository: Genocide Archive of Rwanda

Title:	Hope and Realities
Description:	This article describes how African dreams of independence became a horrible nightmare in execution.
Date of publication:	24 January 1964
Author:	Times Magazines
Type of media:	Magazines
Language:	eng
Repository:	Genocide Archive of Rwanda

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Hope and Realities

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Title:Hope and RealitiesDescription:This article describes how African dreams of independence became a horrible nightmare in execution. Date of publication:24 January 1964Author:Times MagazinesType of media:MagazinesLanguage:engRepository:Genocide Archive of Rwanda

Title: Hope and Realities
Description: This article describes how African dreams of independence became a horrible nightmare in execution.
Date of publication: 24 January 1964
Author: Times Magazines
Type of media: Magazines
Language: eng
Repository: Genocide Archive of Rwanda